The 2019 National Population Policy is Zambia’s framework for managing the country’s population dynamics to drive sustainable development. The policy builds on Zambia’s earlier population policies (1989 and 2007) and addresses the challenges posed by high fertility, declining mortality, and a youthful age structure. It recognizes that population factors fertility, mortality, and migration are central to development, but their integration into planning has been weak. The policy aims to align population growth with socio‑economic development by ensuring that all planning and programmes are informed by population dynamics.